Those who commit wrongdoing, as well as those who support them, should be held accountable.

Arjuna is not only looking at Duryodhana himself. He is also looking at the kings and warriors who, knowing the circumstances, support him in breaking his promise to return the kingdom after thirteen years of exile and attempting to seize it unjustly.

Even if participating in wrongdoing seems like an act for one's own benefit, it can ultimately lead that person to a worse direction. At this point, Arjuna is directing a stern gaze towards those who support the evil scheme. In his heart, there still remains the strength of a warrior, determined to make those who side with the wrong understand the consequences of their actions.

Japanese Translation from the Geeta Press Edition - Chapter 1, Section 23: "Seeing Duryodhana's Allies"

I see here the descendants of Yadu. These are those who have come to this place. They are friends, but they are also involved in the foolish war of Duryodhana. || 23 ||

Vocabulary

"yotsyamānān" means "those who are trying to fight."

avekṣe means "I watch them carefully" or "I observe them."

"aham" means "I".

"ya ete" is "anyone of these."

"atra" means "here," "to this place."

"samāgatāḥ" means "those who have gathered."

dhārtarāṣṭrasya means "the son of Dhritarashtra." Here, it refers to Duryodhana.

durbuddheḥ means "having bad thoughts" or "possessing an evil mind."

yuddhe means "in this battle".

priyacikīrṣavaḥ means "those who try to please him" or "those who want to be for his sake."

Translation

"In this battle, I want to see those who gather around Duryodhana, who have evil intentions and are trying to please him, and who are preparing to fight."

Annotative Translation

If the period of exile, which lasted for thirteen years, had ended, it was clearly decided that the kingdom would be returned to the Pandavas.

During those thirteen years, the kingdom was under the management of the Kauravas, but it was only a temporary arrangement.

However, Duryodhana, out of malice to make the kingdom his own unjustly, completely disregarded promises that had been mutually agreed upon.

Duryodhana has been persecuting the Pandavas since the beginning of his life until this time.

However, this last act of wrongdoing was completely unbearable.

In this section, Arjuna calls Duryodhana "a person with evil intentions" because he remembers Duryodhana's maliciousness.

The desire of Arjuna to see Duryodhana's supporters indicates the following thoughts:

The wickedness, dishonesty, and cruelty committed by Duryodhana were well known throughout the world.

Nevertheless, those kings stood by his side, supported his claims, and gathered together to help him in battle.

That showed that their hearts and minds had become tainted, just like Duryodhana's.

Therefore, they came together to publicly support his wrongdoing and encourage him by demonstrating their strength and power.

However, they seemed to be trying to promote Duryodhana's interests, and in reality, they were harming him.

Therefore, Arjuna wanted to see with his own eyes who those people were who thought of themselves as great heroes and eagerly desired to participate in the war and stand on the battlefield.

When Arjuna spoke this wish, a spirit of challenge was in his heart.

He thought that he wanted to make them understand that siding with error and injustice is not worth it.