Ding Xianhuang took advantage of the chaos in the state of Wu to quell the Twelve Lords and unify the territory, gaining both heavenly mandate and popular support. He appointed Ding Tian, Ruan Fu, Liu Ji, and Zheng Xiu as assistants, established court rituals, and organized military systems. The legitimate ruler of our Yue begins here. His achievements in suppressing and defeating foreign enemies are indeed significant. However, he did not establish ancestral temples or build schools. He used tripods and tigers as instruments of punishment and torture, and even when elephants were gifted and other tributes offered, it was only a matter of offering gifts. He neglected to organize rites, music, punishments, and political decrees, and also failed to maintain proper defenses with multiple gates and night patrols. As a result, he himself was assassinated, the country fell into danger, and this misfortune extended to his son. There were no measures to prevent small problems from escalating into major disasters. The young emperor inherited a difficult task at a young age. Disasters plagued the country, and the state affairs were in turmoil. In the south, enemies from Jiancheng caused trouble, while in the north, Song troops invaded. Powerful officials took over political matters, causing discontent among the people. Ding's fate was sealed because there were no strategies to protect and govern the country. Even if Ding's rise was due to heavenly mandate, his decline was a result of failing to uphold the three principles (of ruler, father, and husband). The previous emperor deposed his eldest son and appointed a young child, damaging the bond between father and son. He placed five empresses side by side, disrupting marital order, favored Du Zhe excessively, leading to usurpation and rebellion, and lost the proper relationship between ruler and subject. Ding's rise was due to the previous emperor, but his fall was also due to the previous emperor. It wasn't that he had been abandoned by heaven; it was because human strategies were flawed.
Translation
| Corresponding Translation | Terminology | Explanation for Readers |
|---|---|---|
| Legitimate ruler | Legitimate ruler | In this historical commentary, Dingxian Emperor is positioned as the beginning of our Yue's legitimate royal lineage. |
| Three Bonds (San-kan) | Three Bonds (San-kan) | Refers to the order in relationships between ruler and subject, father and son, and husband and wife. |
| To prevent small signs and suppress the spread of misfortune | To prevent small signs and suppress the spread of misfortune | This means taking action while things are still small and preventing disasters from becoming larger. |