51. Perhaps there was a tension between "action" and "inaction" in older philosophies.

When looking back at traditional ideologies, it is interesting to note that "act" and "do not be attached" often exist simultaneously. For example, in Indian thought, there is a concept of acting while not being attached to the results.

• Even in Zen, daily life continues.
• Lao Tzu's concept of "wu wei" is not simply inactivity.
• In natural farming, the work itself does not disappear.

In other words, there is a subtle balance in old philosophies: they encourage action, but do not attempt to completely control the world. In modern, simplified spirituality, this first part may be lost, and only "non-attachment" and "surrender" remain.

52. Is "being given things even without doing anything" the endpoint of ideology?

As you trace this concept, it doesn't seem to be an idea invented by a single thinker. Rather, it appears to be the result of the merging of several separate ideas that originally existed independently.

• 19th century New Thought: "Consciousness influences reality."
• 20th century New Age: "Harmony with the universe."
• The Law of Attraction: "Receive what you desire."
• Surrender philosophy: "Do not control things yourself."
• Non-duality: "There is nothing to achieve."
• Self-affirmation ideology: "You have value as a human being even if you do nothing."
• Feminine ideology: "Women are beings who receive."
• Natural farming: "Humans should not do what nature can do."
• Counterculture: "Life is not just about wage labor and mass consumption."
• Ecology philosophy: "Nature inherently supports life, including humans."

And, when all of the conditions and constraints that existed for each are removed, what remains is a very simple idea: "You don't need to do anything. The universe will give you what it needs."

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