The concept of a single, large soul working in common with multiple individuals is sometimes called "Group Soul." However, this term has at least two different usages.
In the history of Theosophy, what is clearly confirmed as a "group soul" mainly refers to the collective souls of plants and animals. The Theosophical Encyclopedia explains that the concept of "Group Soul" was developed by second-generation Theosophists, particularly Leadbeater. It describes a model where one group soul manifests in numerous individuals of the same species, sharing their experiences, undergoing repeated divisions, and eventually individualizing into humans.
Theosophy: Animal Group Soul One group soul ├ Animal individual A ├ Animal individual B ├ Animal individual C └ Experience flows back to the group soul, and eventually progresses towards individuation.
On the other hand, in modern spirituality, the terms "soul group" or "soul family" often refer to groups of human souls with similar origins, soulmates who share a common mission, and collectives that have been connected since before reincarnation.
Here is an example of a modern soul group. Large Soul/Common Soul System: ├ Human Soul A ├ Human Soul B ├ Human Soul C └ Sharing mission, learning, and connections.
Do not treat these two as the same thing, and do not simply apply modern usage to past Theosophy. The way in which the concept of "animal collective soul" in Theosophy has evolved into the modern concept of "soul family" is complex, and it cannot be established as a single lineage.